Prometheus告警配置和抑制规则inhibit_rules

1.在prometheus.yml配置文件中进行告警规则文件的配置：

global:
# Rule files specifies a list of globs. Rules and alerts are read from
# all matching files.
rule_files:
  #[ - <filepath_glob> ... ]
  #例如：
  - rules/*.yml  rules  # 为相对路径

2.在告警的规则文件中进行具体的告警规则配置

Alertmanager 配置文件

global:
  resolve_timeout: 5m
  # smtp配置
  smtp_from: "xxxx@qq.com"
  smtp_smarthost: 'smtp.qq.com:465'
  smtp_auth_username: "xxxx@qq.com"
  smtp_auth_password: "auth_pass"
  smtp_require_tls: true

# 路由分组
route:
  receiver: ops
  group_wait: 30s # 在组内等待所配置的时间，如果同组内，30秒内出现相同报警，在一个组内出现。
  group_interval: 5m # 如果组内内容不变化，合并为一条警报信息，5m后发送。
  repeat_interval: 24h # 发送报警间隔，如果指定时间内没有修复，则重新发送报警。
  group_by: [alertname]  # 报警分组
  routes:
      - match:
          team: operations     #根据team标签进行匹配，走不同的接收规则
        receiver: 'ops'
      - match_re:
          service: nginx|apache
        receiver: 'web'
      - match_re:
          service: hbase|spark
        receiver: 'hadoop'
      - match_re:
          service: mysql|mongodb
        receiver: 'db'

# 接收器指定发送人以及发送渠道
receivers:
# ops分组的定义
- name: ops
  email_configs:
  - to: 'xxxx@qq.com,10000@qq.com'
    send_resolved: true
    headers:
      subject: "[operations] 报警邮件"
      from: "警报中心"
      to: "背锅侠"
  # 钉钉配置
  webhook_configs:
  - url: http://localhost:8070/dingtalk/ops/send
    # 企业微信配置
  wechat_configs:
  - corp_id: 'ww5421dksajhdasjkhj'
    api_url: 'https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/'
    send_resolved: true
    to_party: '2'
    agent_id: '1000002'
    api_secret: 'Tm1kkEE3RGqVhv5hO-khdakjsdkjsahjkdksahjkdsahkj'

# web
- name: web
  email_configs:
  - to: 'xxxx@qq.com'
    send_resolved: true
    headers: { Subject: "[web] 报警邮件"} # 接收邮件的标题
  webhook_configs:
  - url: http://localhost:8070/dingtalk/web/send
  - url: http://localhost:8070/dingtalk/ops/send
# db
- name: db
  email_configs:
  - to: '9935226@qq.com'
    send_resolved: true
    headers: { Subject: "[db] 报警邮件"} # 接收邮件的标题
  webhook_configs:
  - url: http://localhost:8070/dingtalk/db/send
  - url: http://localhost:8070/dingtalk/ops/send
# hadoop
- name: hadoop
  email_configs:
  - to: '9935226@qq.com'
    send_resolved: true
    headers: { Subject: "[hadoop] 报警邮件"} # 接收邮件的标题
  webhook_configs:
  - url: http://localhost:8070/dingtalk/hadoop/send
  - url: http://localhost:8070/dingtalk/ops/send

# 抑制器配置
inhibit_rules: # 抑制规则
  - source_match: # 源标签警报触发时抑制含有目标标签的警报，在当前警报匹配 status: 'High'
      status: 'High'  
    target_match:
      status: 'Warning' # 
    equal: ['alertname','operations', 'instance'] # 确保这个配置下的标签内容相同才会抑制，也就是说警报中必须有这三个标签值才会被抑制。

inhibit_rules：

Alertmanager的抑制机制可以避免当某种问题告警产生之后用户接收到大量由此问题导致的一系列的其它告警通知。例如当集群不可用时，用户可能只希望接收到一条告警，告诉他这时候集群出现了问题，而不是大量的如集群中的应用异常、中间件服务异常的告警通知。

当已经发送的告警通知匹配到target_match和target_match_re规则，当有新的告警规则如果满足source_match或者定义的匹配规则，并且已发送的告警与新产生的告警中equal定义的标签完全相同，则启动抑制机制，新的告警不会发送。

通过上面的配置，可以在alertname/operations/instance相同的情况下，high的报警会抑制warning级别的报警信息。