使用find命令 |xargs(管道xargs)与-exec有什么区别？

1.题目

使用find命令的时候 |xargs(管道xargs)与-exec有什么区别？

2.参考答案

一般来说这两个参数或命令是一样的。可是在一些情况下尤其是打包压缩的时候差别就很大了。

find /oldboy -type f |xargs find命令找到的文件一次性都给 |xargs 处理
find /oldboy -type f -exec -exec find命令找到一个文件 就传递给 -exec 处理一次

测试方法—-通过打包压缩tar命令进行测试

测试环境

[root@show ~]# find /oldboy -type f /oldboy/stu02.txt
/oldboy/stu10.txt
/oldboy/stu08.txt
/oldboy/stu01.txt
/oldboy/stu07.txt
/oldboy/stu03.txt
/oldboy/stu09.txt
/oldboy/stu05.txt
/oldboy/stu04.txt
/oldboy/stu06.txt
/oldboy/stu00.txt

测试|xargs

[root@show ~]# find /oldboy -type f |xargs tar zcf /tmp/oldboy-xargs.tar.gz tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
#检查结果
[root@show ~]# tar tf /tmp/oldboy-xargs.tar.gz 
oldboy/stu02.txt
oldboy/stu10.txt
oldboy/stu08.txt
oldboy/stu01.txt
oldboy/stu07.txt
oldboy/stu03.txt
oldboy/stu09.txt
oldboy/stu05.txt
oldboy/stu04.txt
oldboy/stu06.txt
oldboy/stu00.txt

结果正常，我们要压缩的文件都在。
测试-exec

[root@show ~]# find /oldboy -type f -exec tar zcf /tmp/oldboy-exec.tar.gz {} \;tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names

[root@show ~]# tar tf /tmp/oldboy-exec.tar.gz 
oldboy/stu00.txt
###奇怪为何会这样呢？压缩包中只有一个文件了。

解释

find /oldboy -type f |xargs tar zcf /tmp/oldboy-xargs.tar.gz

相当于

tar zcf /tmp/oldboy-xargs.tar.gz /oldboy/stu02.txt /oldboy/stu10.txt /oldboy/stu08.txt /oldboy/stu01.txt /oldboy/stu07.txt /oldboy/stu03.txt /oldboy/stu09.txt /oldboy/stu05.txt /oldboy/stu04.txt /oldboy/stu06.txt /oldboy/stu00.txt

find /oldboy -type f -exec tar zcf /tmp/oldboy-exec.tar.gz {} \;

相当于

tar zcf /tmp/oldboy-exec.tar.gz /oldboy/stu02.txt
tar zcf /tmp/oldboy-exec.tar.gz /oldboy/stu10.txt
tar zcf /tmp/oldboy-exec.tar.gz /oldboy/stu08.txt
tar zcf /tmp/oldboy-exec.tar.gz /oldboy/stu01.txt
tar zcf /tmp/oldboy-exec.tar.gz /oldboy/stu07.txt
tar zcf /tmp/oldboy-exec.tar.gz /oldboy/stu03.txt
tar zcf /tmp/oldboy-exec.tar.gz /oldboy/stu09.txt
tar zcf /tmp/oldboy-exec.tar.gz /oldboy/stu05.txt
tar zcf /tmp/oldboy-exec.tar.gz /oldboy/stu04.txt
tar zcf /tmp/oldboy-exec.tar.gz /oldboy/stu06.txt
tar zcf /tmp/oldboy-exec.tar.gz /oldboy/stu00.txt

相当于执行了很多次，打包压缩的命令而且压缩包名字都一样，所以会不断的覆盖。